Around Bamford
Photos, articles and places from "Around Bamford" Rochdale from Victorian times up to the 1970s and the present day.
Monday, 25 November 2024
Radcliffe Tower, Near Bury, Lancashire - its History and Legends.
A few miles to the south of Bury, Lancashire, is the historic building known as
Radcliffe Tower, which is located just to the east of the River Irwell, at
Radcliffe. It was built way back in the early 15th century when it started its
life as a timber-framed manor house (locally it was referred to as the hall);
the tower being a defensive pele with very strong and thick walls in case of
raiders from the North. A second tower was never built. However, the house
itself was demolished in the last century after being in use for agricultural
purposes before its eventual demise, leaving the tower behind, which had been in
a semi ruinous state for some time, though the Ministry of Buildings and Works
has been taking care of it for a long time now. The partly ruined Tower is now a
local landmark, and, no doubt local people will know the 'Legend' and subsequent
poem regarding 'Fair Ellen of Radcliffe' who died in the most horrid of
circumstances at the old manor house with the wicked stepmother the culprit.
There is also the legend of the ghostly 'Black Dog of Radcliffe Tower', which is
now long forgotten, but was linked with the tragic Fair Ellen.
Pennine Magazine (1985) tells us that:
"James de Radcliffe got a licence to build a timber hall with two stone
towers in 1403. There's no evidence that the second tower was ever built and
the hall disappeared last century, leaving the tower - 50ft by 28ft, with five
5ft thick wall - rising 20ft or so from the ground, which had a natural
defence in the Irwell, in a loop of which it lies. The historian Whitaker
noted that the hall had several interesting features when he visited it in
1781. The hall had gone by 1841, when Samuel Bamford noted the fine
barrel-vaulted room at the base of the tower and wrote "unless it be protected
from further wanton outrage it must soon share the fate of the hall". It
wasn't and it has. But what remains is still impressive. Catholic families
were imprisoned here by the Earl of Derby in 1592, for refusing to attend
Church of England services.
"Like all good towers, Radcliffe has a legend attached - in this case a
particularly good one. Like many other folk tales it involves a loving father,
a beautiful daughter and a wicked stepmother - who'd be a stepmother with
stories like Snow White, Hansel and Gretel etc? In true fairy-tale style, the
daughter, Fair Ellen of Radcliffe, just had to go and the wicked stepmother
persuaded the master cook to do her bidding in the dastardly deed. One day,
when the tower was the centre of a hunting party and the ladies were out
riding, Fair Ellen was sent back to the tower by her stepmother to tell the
cook to get the meal ready and "kill the fair white doe." He would know what
she meant, the stepmother explained. The cook seized a knife and told the girl
that she was the "fair white doe". But the little scullion boy, seeing his
intention, begged to be allowed to take her place. The cook refused and told
the lad that if he spoke a word the same fate would befall him.
"The Lord of Radcliffe missed his daughter at the meal and was told by
the stepmother that she had run away to become a nun. The cook served an
enormous pie, but as the lord was about to cut it open, the scullion boy came
in and told him what had happened, and that his daughter was inside. The Lord,
having lost his only child, made the boy his heir for bravely offering to take
Fair Ellen's place."
Sources and References:-
Colour Photo (top) Radcliffe Tower by David Dixon (Geograph).
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1687127
Pennine magazine, Vol. 4 No. 5 June/July 1983. Pennine Heritage (Pennine
Development Ltd.,)The Birchcliffe Centre, Hebden Bridge, West Yorks.
Copyright © RayS57, 2024.
Friday, 26 July 2024
Clegg Hall, Smithy Bridge, Littleborough, Near Rochdale, its History and the Clegg Hall Boggart.
Clegg Hall at Smithy Bridge in Littleborough, near Rochdale, has recently been
re-stored, but it was in a state of disrepair from the 1920s onwards. There was
possibly a medieval building on the very same site in the mid 12th century which
might have been referred to as Clegg Hall, but the four-storey Grade II listed
building that we see today called Clegg Hall dates from the late 16th to early
17th century. It was even in use as a public house in the 19th century! So far
as we know the hall does not take its name from the Clegg family who resided at
the earlier hall back in medieval times but from local place-names Great Clegg
and Little Clegg. There is also the famous legend of the Clegg Hall boggart
which has survived for many centuries - with one room in particular being the
site of the haunting. The newly renovated hall is located 2 miles southwest of
Littleborough and half a mile south of Smithy Bridge on Clegg Hall Road at OS
grid reference: SD 92241448.
Kathleen Eyre writing in 1979 tells us about the Clegg Hall Boggart: She says
"Built about 1600 by Theophilus Ashton, Clegg Hall stands derelict by the
Rochdale Canal. From 1818 to 1869 it was a public house called the "Black
Sloven" - the name of a favourite hunting mare of legendary speed which
belonged to a former owner, Mr. Charles Turner. He died in January, 1733, and
the mare walked in the cortege carrying his hunting regalia. Clegg Hall had a
peculiar reputation and was believed to be haunted. Traditionally, a wicked
uncle, guardian of the orphaned heirs, threw the children into the moat and
claimed the estate for himself. The Boggart Chamber became a place to be
avoided. During the Commonwealth era, there were hints of counterfeiting
activities in the vaults and cellars of Clegg Hall."
Ken Howarth wrote in 1993 that: "Clegg Hall lies quite close to Hollingworth Lake near Rochdale. It has been
derelict for many years, but still remains an impressive ruin even to this
day. Some time about the 13th or 14th century, a wicked uncle destroyed the
lawful heirs of Clegg Hall and estates - two orphan children that were left in
his care - by throwing them over a balcony into a moat. Clearly the wicked
uncle, much in Babes in the Wood vein, wanted their inheritance, what
happened to him and whether he was successful in his quest is not known.
However, ghostly spirits or boggarts began to disturb the peace, even after
the house had been substantially rebuilt. Various attempts were made to lay
the ghosts. A pious monk who claimed to be able to lay the ghosts told the
local people that the ghosts would only be quietened by the sacrifice of a
body and a soul. The pious monk told them to bring the bodyof a cockand the
soul of shoe. Thus ended the laying of the Clegg Hall boggarts. During a visit
in 1972, I was told that footsteps had been heard in the Old Hall. Several
local people had seen an apparition of an old man with a pipe in his mouth
walking in an old works nearby. Perhaps the boggart still stalks the ruins?
Who knows?"
Sources and References used:
Photo (Top) Clegg Hall, near Littleborough, Lancashire by Dr Neil Clifton
(Creative Commons). https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/193719. Kathleen Eyre, Lancashire Legends, Dalesman, 1979. Howarth, Kenneth, Ghosts, Traditions & Legends Of OLD LANCASHIRE, Sigma, 1993.
Copyright © RayS57, 2024.
Friday, 31 May 2024
The History and Geography of Red Lumb and Wolstenholme, near Norden, Rochdale.
The picturesque hamlet of Red Lumb lies just off the A680 Edenfield Road near
Norden, Rochdale, in the shadow of, and on the lower slopes of the conical
shaped, Knowl Hill. The etymology of the place-name Red Lumb is uncertain though
it possibly means 'a small valley with red soil or clay', but that is open to
interpretation. The lane through the hamlet winds its way along passing by what
used to be a textile mill that made cauduroy clothing, but now it's called 'the
Meadows' and is a complex of modern luxory flats, very sadly. The mill, situated
beside Boyd's Brook, was built in the 1840s and was for most of its life a
cotton spinning manufacturing establishment. It eventually closed down and was
later converted into private apartments - in about 2005. The lanes further along
branch off and become trackways called Red Lumb Street - while in the opposite
direction - the other farm trackway is called Over Town Lane.
There were several coal mines scattered around the hamlet - Red Lumb Colliery
being the main pit - the area rich in the commodity of coal - but the mine at
Red Lumb closed down in the 1950s following a tragic accident there. Other coal
mines were located at Knowl, Bamford Closes, and at Wolstenholme Fold, a bit
further along Edenfield Road in the direction of Norden, and at Cheesden Bar
(Cheesden Bridge) in the opposite direction there was another coal mine. There
was also a coal mine at Wind Hill opposite the Ashworth Moor Reservoir. However,
all these coal mines have long since closed dowm and in most cases there is now
nothing much to see at ground level.
There are several farms scattered around Red Lumb hamlet and the moors nearby -
the area being rich in agriculture. Farms include Lower, Middle and Higher Red
Lumb; Knowl Farm and Top o 'th' Royds Farm and Bamford Closes Farm. Above the
hamlet of Wolstenholme another hamlet, Rain Shore and the former bleach and Dye
works and cotton spinning mills (upper and lower), which were demolished to make
way for a modern housing estate with Greenbooth Reservoir close by, while beyond
that the smaller Naden Reservoirs. The etymology of the 12th century Old English
place-name Wolstenholme is possibly derived from Wulfstan's Holme which is maybe
an island on raised dry land or “Holme” refers to a piece of land located by a
river or stream, often submerged during floods. Wolstenholme Hall, a
Gothic-style ediface, was built in 1850 by a Mr George Goodwin of North
Staffordshire and was built with bricks from that county. It became a military
hospital in World War I, but the hall is now a restaurant called Nutters.
Baitings Mill on Rainshore Road (Over Town Lane), Wolstenholme, was marked on
the Ordnance Survey map as Baitings Mill (cotton) in 1848 and in 1890 as
Baitings Mill (cotton). In 1908 it was marked on the OS map as Baitings Mill
(fustian) and in 1923 as Baitings Mill (fustian). Then in 1961 it appeared on
the OS map as Mill. But in 1986 the mill was known as Cudsworth's Mill and made
cotton fustian cloth for corduroy material. The building was demolished after
2000, and by 2003 there was a new housing development on that site, which is now
known as Baitings Close.
The former Red Lumb Mill, now called The Meadows, is located at: SD 84256 15593
and Wolstenholme Hall is at: SD 8482 1508. The former Baitings Mill, now known
as Baitings Close, was located at: SD 8524 1479. Rain Shore bleach and Dye works
and cotton mills, now a modern housing estate, were at SD 8522 1540.
https://www.heywoodhistory.com/2018/01/mills-p-r.html
https://www.heywoodhistory.com/2018/01/mills-a-z.html
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Approach_Road_to_Red_Lumb_-_geograph.org.uk_-_214068.jpg
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/59681
Copyright © RayS57, 2024.
Friday, 8 March 2024
Bamford Woollen Mills, Bamford, Rochdale, Greater Manchester.
Sadly Bamford Woollen mills are no longer in existence as they made way for
modern day housing in the early 1980s. Murrayfield, Burnthorpe Close, Ryburn
Square and Porritt Close are on that site today at OS Grid Reference: SD
86191272. The large red-brick mill complex along with its own reservoir (mill
pond) at the rear stood near the junction of Norden Road and War Office Road in
the pretty village of Bamford for many, many years and gave employment to the
good folk of Rochdale and the surrounding villages for well over a hundred years
or more. The mill seems to have been built about 1880 but there was perhaps an
earlier industrial building on that site? At that time (1880) it was owned and
run by Samuel Porritt and Sons, who also ran Meadowcroft fulling mill beside the
River Roch on Bury Road near Heywood from 1880. Samuel Porritt & Sons were also
associated with a mill at Gnat Bank between Crimble and Heywood.
In 1891 Samuel Porritt and Sons ran the mill as a fullers and finishers. There
were 160 looms, blanketings, tapes, roller cloths etc at that time, so obviously
a thriving textile mill with the clatter of looms day-in-day-out and during the
nighttime too for well over a hundred years. There is a Porritt Close named
after the mill-owners down Norden Road, Bamford, even today! In the 1960s and
1970s it was still in operation, but by 1980 the mill was in decline and it
finally closed down in 1982; after that the mill was demolished, making way for
a modern housing estate - situated to the west of Dixon Fold.
The Porritt family’s legacy as mill owners contributed significantly to the
economic and social fabric of these towns (Rochdale and Heywood) during the 19th
century. Their mills were hubs of industry, weaving together the threads of
progress and prosperity at the time when the Industrial Revolution was at its
peak. The family continued to run Bamford mill up to more recent times until its
closure and have always been well remembered and honoured in the locality.
Grace's Guide gives the following information: "Samuel Porritt and Sons of
Bamford, Rochdale 1891 Directory: Listed as Woollen manufacturers. 1914 Merged
with Porritt Brothers and Austin, Joseph Porritt and Sons, and J. H. Spencer and
Sons, to form Porritt and Spencer."
Sources & References:-
https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Samuel_Porritt_and_Sons
https://www.heywoodhistory.com/2018/01/mills-a-z.html
https://www.heywoodhistory.com/2018/01/mills-i-p.html
https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/24747
Copyright © RayS57, 2024.
Thursday, 30 November 2023
Ashworth Mill, Carr Woods, Near Nordon, Rochdale, Greater Manchester.
Located near to School Lane in Carr Woods, near Norden, Rochdale (National Grid
Reference SD 85441349) are the ruins of Ashworth fulling mill. A three-storey
section of the ruined mill wall has survived the ravages of two hundred years or
so and stands, now rather forlornly, beside the Naden Brook and its mill lodges
and waterfalls between The Rake and School Lane (deep in the ravine beneath
where the lane goes over the Naden Brook). Ashworth Mill was probably built in
the early 1800s, if not some years before that, and by 1816 it had been rebuilt.
One Edmund Ashworth was employed at the mill as a fuller in 1808. During the
1840s and up until the 1890s it was still a fulling mill, but by the early 1900s
it had closed down and thereafter became derelict. Along with the extensive
ruins and foundations of the old mill there are some parts of the old machinary,
including waterwheel and winding gear-wheel for the weir, etc. Access to the
mill was between Waterloo Farm and The Rake - just before the bridge!
H.D.Clayton writing in 1979 tells us more:
"A little further upstream, on the opposite bank, are the extensive ruins of
Ashworth Fulling Mill still in part standing three storeys high. In 1816 it is
mentioned as being newly erected. On the ground lies a wooden driving shaft
with pinions on each end. It appearsto be the main driving shaft from the
waterwheel and to consist of a whole tree trunk. The stream was fed into two
lodges and a very high stone weir constructed so that an imposing waterfall is
the result."
A.V.Sandiford & T.E.Ashworth writing in 1981/1992 tell us about the process of
fulling cloth:"Fulling is a process by which woollen cloth is subjected to heat, moisture
and pressure such that the scaliness of the fibres became locked together and
'felting' is induced. In earliest times, as the curious murals of Pompeii
confirm, fulling was achieved by the trampling of the cloth underfoot, hence
the name Walker. But his strenous task was eventually replaced by the fulling
stocks where the cloth was placed in a semicircular trough containing a
solution of fullers earth, a colloidal substance which aided the fulling or
felting action. Here it was pounded by heavy beech head hammers operated from
a cam on a rotating shaft, which drove the fabric forward and round in the
trough until the treatment was complete. Cloths varied in the amount of
shrinkage according to the construction of the yarn and weave and even
depending on the breed of sheep from which the wool came. The fulling stocks
were probably one of the first steps in the mechanisation of textile
manufactureand the term 'fulling miller' suggests that in the early days
perhapsthe corn miller with sufficient capital to buy a set of stocks and the
possession of a good watermill could turn to fulling as an alternative or even
supplementary occupation. The ambitious fuller would often choose to extend
his service to carding, bleaching and dyeing, processes not suited to the
domestic system, and this was clearly the case at Cheesden Lumb Mill."
Not a great deal is known about the history of Ashworth fulling mill. It
employed people from the valley and probably a bit further afield. The mill was
built by the Ashworth family who were the landowners thereabouts; their Estate
was said to be around 1,000 acres and was mainly pasture land. The Ashworth
family ran the Ashworth fulling mill from the early 1800s and they also built
and ran another mill at Lower Clough. Jonathan Ashworth of Ashworth fulling mill
being described as 'a guardian of the poor' in 1867. The Ashworth family lived
at Upper Clough Farm - said to date back to 1636. The Ashworth's are buried in
the graveyard at St James' Chapel on Chapel Lane overlooking Carr Woods.
Sources & References:-
Photo of Ashworth Mill, Carr Woods, by David Dixon (Creative Commons) https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1679361
Clayton, H. D., A History of Ashworth near Rochdale, 1979.
Sandiford A. V., & Ashworth T. E., The Forgotten Valley, Bury and District Local History Society, 1981 & 2000.
Copyright © RayS57, 2023
Saturday, 12 August 2023
Toad Lane, Rochdale, and The Story of the Co-operative Pioneers Movement.
On December 21st, 1844, the first Co-operative Pioneers trading store opened its
door at No. 31 Toad Lane, Rochdale, when a group of sixty local men decided to
help the working class people of Rochdale to be able to buy items of food at
discounted prices. They actually began their venture, though, thirteen years
earlier in 1830 at No.15, just down the road from their main Co-operative
Pioneers store, which is now the Rochdale Pioneers Museum. From then on the
Co-operative Pioneers Movement slowly began to gather pace and other stores were
to eventually open in nearby towns, including Oldham, but Oldham itself had
already had its very own co-operative movement in 1795 when some local weavers
established a supply company there, and, there had been other attempts to set up
co-operative movements eleswhere, especially in the London area in the late
18th-century when some corn mills and a Co-op store were established, however
these were not particularly successsful.
Memories of Rochdale (1996) gives the following historical information
called 'Cradle of the Co-operative Movement' and says:
"Rochdale is famous for being the 'home' of the worldwide Co-operative
Movement, which started life at No 31 Toad Lane in the humble premises first
opened as a shop by the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers Society in December
1844.
"The little store established by the Pioneers began by selling only a basic
stock of commodities such as butter, sugar, flour, oatmeal and candles, a
reflection of the desperate conditions for most working people at the time.
Trade developed rapidly however, and within a few years the Pioneers Society
was able to open branch shops in other parts of the town - the first was in
Oldham Road - and to move into an imposing four storey 'central store' higher
up Toad Lane. Unfortunately this building was demolished to make way for a new
road system. But an even more imposing symbol of the Cooperative Movement's
success during the intervening years has arrived in Rochdale with the opening
in 1996 of a spectacular new headquarters at Sandbrook Park for the largest
independent consumer-owned society, CRS Ltd. This has brought hundreds of new
jobs to the town and provided a significant boost to the local economy.
"The Co-operative Movement that was born in Rochdale has spread throughout
the United Kingdom and today it is one of the country's biggest retail
organisations, providing eight million members with a vast range of shopping
facilities and services, extending from banking and insurance to travel and
funerals. The idea has flourished too as an international network of 750
million members in more than 100 countries, with the 'Rochdale Principles' -
the decisions and practices of the first Pioneers - still referred to as a
guide to setting up and running co-operative enterprises.
"The original Toad Lane premises meanwhile have been lovingly restored as
part of a conservation area. Now the Rochdale Pioneers Museum is a source of
interest and inspiration for co-operators everywhere attracting thousands of
visitors from the UK and abroad each year."
Memories of Rochdale (1996) adds to the above and says of the Museum in
Toad Lane:"Visitors to the Rochdale Pioneers Museum are struck by the
basic simplicity of the original Co-operative store, where the goods initially
sold were few. Close inspection of the poster on the wall reveals the Pioneer
Principles, which included: open membership, democratic control and political
and religious neutrality."
Sources & References:
Memories Of Rochdale with Forward by Phil Holland (Publisher), True North Publishing, Halifax, December 1996.
Cole, John, Rochdale Revisited - A Town And Its People, George Kelsall, Littleborough, Lancashire, 1988.
https://www.visitrochdale.com/things-to-do/rochdale-pioneers-museum-p85681
Copyright © RayS57, 2023
Tuesday, 6 June 2023
Church of St. Mary-in-the-Baum, St Mary's Gate, Rochdale, and the Legend of the Baum Rabbit.
On St Mary's Gate (Town Head), Rochdale, Greater Manchester, stands the
brick-built parish Church of St Mary-in-the-Baum, which dates from 1909-1911. The
building actually stands on its own island between several busy roads, and
quiter side streets: St Mary's Gate (the A58), Hunter's Lane, Toad Lane and
Cheetham Street at OS Grid Reference: SD 89601360. It is famous for the often
told (local) legend of the Baum Rabbit, the ghost of which was said to haunt the
graveyard. The rabbit was said to be white in colour and large and plump in
body. Baum or balm refers to the wild, herbal flowers growing where the church
was built; these flowers were also known as Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) and
sometimes called White Mint. The herb has a calming effect on the body and is
good for anxiety and sleep disorders. The present-day church of St. Mary stands
on the site of an earlier church from 1742 - this earlier building being a
Chapel of Ease; the font inside St Mary's came from that 18th century building.
Dennis Ball, in his most excellent 1987 book 'Lancashire Pastimes', we learn
more about The Baum Rabbit. He tells us:
An unusual legend is that the old graveyard of St. Mary's, Rochdale, is said
to be haunted by a spectral rabbit. Many people speak about the unusual
phantom but no one has actually seen it. When the graveyard was opened it was
known as The Baum, from and old Lancashire term for a certain medicinal herb
that grew there, so the ghost has always been known as The Baum Rabbit. Over
one hundred years ago William Robertson in his book 'A Guide to Rochdale'
describes the Baum Rabbit as plump and well nourished, always beautifully
clean, and even said to be whiter than snow. It was apparently "' much pleased
with the love music of the music of the cat tribe, to which it listened with
mute attention,"' and even after being fired at with a shotgun it used to
re-appear "'with the greatest equanimity.""
Kathleen Eyre writing in 1989 asks the question:
"But what happened to the Baum Rabbit?....the ghostly white bunny mentioned
in Robertson's Guide to Rochdale in the 1870s. Its cavorting in St.
Mary's Churchyard startled many an inebriated reveller wending home and, as it
had proved immune to gun shot and pellets, it was suspected to be of a
supernatural order. It did no harm, though it scared quite a few, including a
local poet who commemorated his experiences..."
Kathleen Eyre also tells us about another ghost seen in St Mary's Churchyard:
"The Vicar of St. Mary's, the Rev. R. A. Shone, came up with some fascinating
information, not only about the spectre in the churchyard, but about the
church itself. When a sight was being sought, some 250 years ago, for a new
Rochdale church, a field was chosen to the north of the River Roch between
Toad Lane and the Lordburn, a stream which now runs into a sewer.........
When the old church of St Mary was demolished and the present ediface was
erected in 1909 there was some encroachment on the south side of the
graveyard. Bodies, many of young children - the infant mortality rate was high
- were lifted and re-interred in three large trenches in the Baum and the
coffins were excellently preserved through the effects of the old Lordburn
stream. Whether the ghost of the old graveyard dates back to this 1909
upheaval or not, no-one can say, but the male apparition drifts across the
Baum, proceeds through the wall of the market into the fish section, passing
through stalls to the canteen in a corner of the open market. There it
vanishes, having upset the calcalations of a number of Police Offficers who
have mistaken it on a number of occasions for a down-to-earth intruder.
"Policemen, in the main, are far to practical to "'see"' things which aren't
there and one can only assume the the Baum spectre, which is perfectly
harmless, is an unhappy spirit, earthbound through some deep tragedy long
forgotten. Those who know about its nocturnal perambulations avoid the Baum
and the market after dark."
Sources & References:-
Dennis Ball, Lancashire Pastimes, Burnedge Press Limited, Royton, 1987.
Kathleen Eyre, A Daleman Book - Lancashire Ghosts, The Dalesman Publishing Company Ltd., Clapham, 1989.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary-in-the-Baum,_Rochdale
https://www.nationalchurchestrust.org/church/st-mary-baum-rochdale
https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/local-news/an-angelic-tale-of-the-ghostly-rabbit-1099922
Copyright © RayS57, 2023
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